Rising concerns over HMPV in China: Symptoms, prevention, and key facts

China has reported a surge in infections linked to Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), raising concerns among health authorities.

As the country steps up its screening, detection, and isolation measures, the parallels with the COVID-19 pandemic have sparked anxiety worldwide.

Here’s everything you need to know about this virus, its symptoms, spread, and preventive measures.

What Is HMPV?

HMPV is a respiratory virus causing symptoms similar to influenza and other respiratory infections. Recent social media reports highlight overwhelmed hospitals and crematoriums, with claims that multiple viruses, including influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and COVID-19, are spreading simultaneously.

While authorities have yet to declare a state of emergency, China’s National Disease Control and Prevention Administration has activated a monitoring system to track pneumonia cases of unknown origin, anticipating a rise in respiratory illnesses this winter.

Symptoms of HMPV

HMPV symptoms often mimic those of other respiratory infections. These include:

Common symptoms: Cough, fever, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath.

Severe complications: Bronchitis or pneumonia in high-risk groups.

The incubation period ranges from 3 to 6 days, and the severity of symptoms determines their duration.

How HMPV Spreads

Similar to other respiratory viruses, HMPV spreads through:

Respiratory secretions from coughing or sneezing.

Close contact, such as handshakes or touching.

Contact with contaminated surfaces, followed by touching the face.

High-risk groups include:

Young children.

Older adults.

Individuals with weakened immune systems.

When to Seek Medical Attention

It’s essential to consult a physician if:

Symptoms persist or worsen after several days.

A fever lasts for more than three days without improvement.

Underlying health conditions increase the risk of complications.

Preventive Measures Against HMPV

To reduce the risk of infection, follow these preventive steps:

Hand hygiene: Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

Avoid touching the face: Keep hands away from the mouth, nose, and eyes.

Social distancing: Stay away from individuals showing symptoms of illness.

Disinfection: Regularly clean frequently touched surfaces like doorknobs and toys.

What To Do If You Have HMPV Symptoms

If you suspect HMPV, follow these guidelines:

Cover your mouth and nose: Use tissues or your elbow when sneezing or coughing.

Wash hands frequently: Regular handwashing can prevent further spread.

Avoid sharing personal items: This includes utensils and cups.

Stay home: Rest and avoid contact with others to limit the virus’s spread.

Is There a Treatment or Vaccine for HMPV?

Currently, no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine is available for HMPV. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications.

HMPV vs. COVID-19

Both viruses share similarities, such as respiratory symptoms and transmission through droplets. However, HMPV primarily peaks in winter and spring, whereas COVID-19 spreads year-round due to evolving variants.

Interestingly, researchers suggest the increase in HMPV cases could be linked to reduced exposure to respiratory viruses during COVID-19 restrictions.